Notes
Primary-source notes on consent and signature records. Every edition is signed by the person who wrote it.
Consent
When a consent record is a candidate, jurisdiction by jurisdiction.
Sending personal data out of Japan
Article 28 of Japan's APPI sets its own rule for providing personal data to a third party abroad. When consent is needed, what must be shown before asking, and the two alternatives.
Edition 1 · 2026-10-11
Recording consent under Japan's APPI
Japan's privacy law asks for consent at specific moments rather than as a general legal basis. This note covers when it applies, what to show first, and what to keep.
Edition 1 · 2026-10-11
Essays
One question, argued to the end.
Passkey signatures as evidence in Japan
How Japanese law treats signatures and electronic signatures, where a passkey signature fits, what is still undecided, and what a product needs to add around it.
Edition 1 · 2026-10-11